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Generally about meshes for turbulent RANS flows
- Turbulent boundary layer contains near wall region (
) that holds Law of the wall:7.1 - Turbulent boundary layer can be displayed in dimensionless coordinates
a 
Figure: A sketch of developed turbulent boundary layer in dimensionless coordinates and
- Friction velocity can be expressed:
- Wall shear stress
can be expressed:7.2 - Turbulence modeling has important parameter
- can be expressed:
- While first cell at the wall corresponds to
, turbulence model (Low-Reynolds model) can be used in whole computational domain - If first cell at the wall corresponds to , it is necessary to model the turbulent quantities using the wall functions
- Having real geometries and external aerodynamics the requirement on can be barely reached
- Wall functions are often used
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