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Boundary and initial condition

  • Initial and boundary conditions are located in directories named with numbers
  • Number in directory name means the physical time layer of the solution
  • Usually, the initial and boundary conditions are stored in directory 0
  • In case of solver icoFoam, the solver needs the inputs of static pressure p and velocity U.
  • It is necessary to impose initial and boundary conditions in the first time layer (typically 0 )
  • Let us take a look at the pressure:
    # cat $FOAM_RUN /cavity/0/p

Subsections

Francis Turbine Tutorial Meridional Average, static pressure

mavg U
mavg URel

Figure: Turbo Blade Post; Francis Turbine Tutorial; Meridional (Circumferential) average of absolute and relative velocity; OpenFOAM Water Turbine CFD

Cyclic Boundary Condition

NOTE: cyclic boundary condition is supported by boundary type cyclic, defined in the mesh file boundary. The difference between cyclic and cyclicAMI is the cyclic connects two equal meshes. Boundary condition cyclic requires the same size, same topology, same elements and even the same indexing order of faces!

Cyclic Boundary Condition

NOTE: cyclic boundary condition is supported by boundary type cyclic, defined in the mesh file boundary. The difference between cyclic and cyclicAMI is the cyclic connects two equal meshes. Boundary condition cyclic requires the same size, same topology, same elements and even the same indexing order of faces!

 

 boundaryField
 {
    rotor_periodic_1 
    {
        type            cyclic;
        inGroups        1(cyclic);
        matchTolerance  0.1;
        transform       rotational;
        neighbourPatch  rotor_periodic_2;
        rotationAxis    (0 0 1);
        rotationCentre  (0 0 0);
        nFaces          1628;
        startFace       171370;
    }
 }
2 2

Figure: mixingInterface boundary condition, axial division example

Parameter rotationAxis defines the axis in Cartesian coordinates (directional vector of the axis).

Parameter rotationCentre is any point from the axis. So, the axis is defined by its directional vector and one of its points.
cyclic boundary condition is the same for all quantities (scalars, vectors, tensors):

p, U, k, omega, epsilon, T:

 boundaryField
 {
    rotor_periodic_1 
    {
          type         cyclic;
    }
 }

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Meshing options: Snappy hex mesh

This panel is visible in advanced mode only. The parts of the default panel are displayed in Figures [*], [*], [*], [*] and [*]. The most important numbers are the refinement levels (minimal and maximal) for individual patches. The mesher will subdivide the cells of the background mesh a few times. The count of these subdivisions is always in the given interval and depends on the vicinity of other patches and the local curvature. The remaining parameters are:
  • The entry “Feature edges included angle” is a tuning parameter that specifies maximal angle (in degrees) that is considered “sharp” by the mesher. When two faces of a boundary geometry make an angle smaller or equal to this number, then their common edge will be preserved in mesh (the cells’ edges will be aligned with this line), otherwise it may be smoothed away. If zero is given, only open edges of the boundary geometry will be preserved. This parameter is only used by components that are meshed from STL files.
  • “Surface hook-up”, which corrects some non-water-proof STL boundaries.
  • The switch “Castellated mesh” enables and disables the castellated mesh phase. For normal operation it is always enabled.
  • The value “Max global cells” sets a hard limit on the total number of cells to prevent memory overflow.
  • The value “Max local cells” sets a soft limit on the number of cells per meshing process. When reached, the redistribution of the cells between the processes is done in a more careful (and slower) way.
  • The value “Min refinement” sets a limit on the lowest number of cells refined in previous iteration of the mesher, which still triggers another iteration. If zero is given, the mesh will be refined ideally according to the algorithm of the mesher. Slightly higher values speed up the castellated mesh phase of the meshing without great impact on the quality of the mesh.
  • The value “Max load unbalance” is the largest relative difference in number of cells across the mesher’s processes, which is considered low and does not trigger (slow) redistribution.
  • The value “Cells between levels” sets the minimal number of consecutive cells of a single refinement level in area where the refinement level dramatically changes.
  • The number “Resolve feature angle” is an angle in degrees.
The switch “Add layers” enables and disables the layer mesh phase, where a boundary layer is added to the walls. The user can select number of boundary layers per a patch group (hub, shroud, blade cap, etc.). The other parameters can be used to tune the mesher operation. The other parameters can be used to tune the mesher operation.
cfd processor TCFDSource STLmanipulation

Figure: Plugin TCFDSource – advanced mesh setup: STL manipulation.

cfd processor TCFDSource castellated mesh

Figure: Plugin TCFDSource – advanced mesh setup: Castellated mesh.

cfd processor TCFDSource snap mesh

Figure: Plugin TCFDSource – advanced mesh setup: Snap mesh.

cfd processor TCFDSource mesh quality

Figure: Plugin TCFDSource – advanced mesh setup: Mesh quality.

cfd processor TCFDSource layer mesh

Figure: Plugin TCFDSource – advanced mesh setup: Layer mesh.