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Data conversion

  • For postprocessing OpenFOAM data can be converted to other format using some of following applications:

            foamToEnsight
            foamToEnsightParts
            foamToGMV
            foamToStarMesh
            foamToSurface
            foamToTetDualMesh
            foamToVTK
            foamDataToFluent
            foamMeshToFluent

Conclusion

We have seen there are two basic approaches to water turbine calculations.
  1. With $ \color{white} \vec{g}$ in the momentum equation
    1. physical setting
    2. model setting
  2. Without explicit $ \color{white} \vec{g}$ in the momentum equation
Following table shows possible boundary conditions for the pressure variable
Table: Boundary conditions
pressure
setting inlet outlet
$ \color{white} \vec{g}$, physical hTP = $ \color{white} \varrho g h_{In}$ fMV = $ \color{white} \varrho g h_{Out}$
$ \color{white} \vec{g}$, model hTP = $ \color{white} \varrho g (h - h_{IO})$ fMV = $ \color{white} 0$
$ \color{white} \not{\! \vec{g}}$ hTP = $ \color{white} \varrho g h$ fMV = $ \color{white} 0$
We note that hTP stands for hydrostaticTotalPressure boundary condition and values listed in the Table [*] for this type represent values of hydrostatic pressure in the centre of mass of the inlet surface. Whereas fMV stands for fixedMeanValue boundary condition and values listed in the Table [*] for this type represent values of static pressure in the centre of mass of the outlet surface. We add that pressureInletVelocity boundary condition is prescribed for the inlet velocity field for all of the above settings, where the velocity magnitude is computed from the difference between total and static pressure and its direction is taken as a local normal to the inlet surface (usually planar). Also zeroGradient boundary condition is prescribed for the outlet surface for all of the above settings.

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Compressible Mathematical Model

The computational model solves following system of equations: img152 1 img154 1 img155 img156 img157 img158 img159 img162img153img163 img164
  • Mass conservation [*]
  • Momentum conservation [*]
  • Energy conservation [*] and [*], two options
  • where: Einstein summation is used, $ \partial$ is partial derivative, $ x_i$ is i-th Cartesian coordinate, $ \rho$ is density, $ u_i$ is i-th velocity vector component, $ t$ is time, $ p$ is static pressure, $ \tau$ shear stress tensor, $ \delta_{ij}$ is Kronecker delta, $ e_0$ is total specific energy, $ \mu$ is dynamic viscosity, $ S_{ij}$ is rate-of-deformation tensor, $ T$ is static temperature, $ Pr$ is Prandtl number, $ R$ specific gas constant, $ C_p$ specific heat capacity (at constant pressure), $ C_v$ specific heat capacity (at constant volume), $ q_i$ i-th heat flux component (Fourier law), $ \lambda$ heat conductivity coefficient.
  • The whole system is closed with boundary conditions.