… cells3.1

We use e.g. linux editor gedit, it is on the user’s choice what editor to use. As an alternative we recommend nedit, or vim. It also appears that working with Midnight Commander is very effective, use mc to launch it.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… general4.1

in formula pressure is in [Pa], simpleFoam uses static pressure divided by density, thus we use formula with no density in denominator

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… wall:7.1

3 4 4 55 5and Karmán constant 6 4 4 5 7 4.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… expressed:7.2

8 4 is friction coefficient at the wall

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… e.g.:7.3

if output is not required, it can be forwarded to /dev/null

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… paraFoam7.4

$In Windows: $ Paraview in Windows sometimes can not read $internalField used 0 directory. You might need to remove 0 directory before opening Paraview

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… NAME=”8359″>7.5

graphing utility for Linux, freely available http://www.gnuplot.info/, part of Linux, can install typing: # sudo apt-get install gnuplot

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… case:9.1

9 5 in system/controlDict file modify parameter writePrecision to 8 and writeFormat to ascii.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… paraFoam9.2

$In Windows: $ Paraview in Windows sometimes can not read $internalField used 0 directory. You might need to remove 0 directory before opening Paraview

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
…Allrun 9.3

9 5 in system/controlDict file modify parameter writePrecision to 8 and writeFormat to ascii.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… paraFoam9.4

$In Windows: $ Paraview in Windows sometimes can not read $internalField used 0 directory. You might need to remove 0 directory before opening Paraview

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… )11.1

Present for backward-compatibility

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… DILU)11.2

Present for backward-compatibility

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… equation:12.1

10 4 velocity, 11 4 pressure, 12 4 kinematic viscosity, 13 4 temperature, 14 4 heat conductivity coefficient

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… footnote13.1

operator==( (t < t0) ? x0 * ( 1 / (1.0 + exp(-10.0*t/t0 + 5.0) ) ) : x0 );

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
…blockMesh14.1

more information about m4 can be found e.g.: http://www.linuxjournal.com/article/5594

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
…inGroups14.2

OpenFOAM have introduced a new concept called patchGroups to allow users to group patches for pre- and post-processing. All constraint boundary types, e.g. empty, processor, etc. are automatically placed into a patch group of the same name.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… layer.17.1

The generation of the boundary layer is turned off in our case, because we need as small mesh as possible in order not to spent too much time with test case computation.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… commands:17.2

9 5 in system/controlDict file modify parameter writePrecision to: 8

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
…snappyHexMesh 17.3

9 5 in system/controlDict file modify parameter writePrecision to: 8

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
…Properties 17.4

One can see incorrect pressure distribution on the hood. It is not caused by simulation error but incorrect visualization in paraview. This visualization error can be removed by setting the Cull Frontface representation in Object Inspector -> Advanced properties (sprocket sign)-> Display -> Backface Style.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
…gnuplot. 17.5

The sixth line in the script, set xrange, tells the program to skip the first 100 values, which are not converged

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… NAME=”18190″>17.6

The program potentialFoam does not simulate the full flow, so the function object included by the line 15 4include “aeroCoeffs” will result in an error due to a lack of viscosity model. The block function in the controlDict file will be ignored by adding the flag -noFunctionObjects.

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… function21.1

Schramm [9]

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… section21.2

Following Kozel & Dvoøák [7]

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… form21.3

Using Einstein summation notation

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… forces21.4

e.g. Gravitation

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… equation21.5

assuming ideal gas

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… form21.6

subscripts x, y, z, t denotes partial derivatives with respect to time and x, y, z coordinates

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… cases21.7

only up to critical Reynolds number

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… section23.1

Following Příhoda & Louda [5]

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… analysis23.2

e.g. Wilcox [1]

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… decomposition23.3

Reynolds,1885

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… Currently23.4

2010

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… near23.5

tens of years ?

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… expressed27.1

e.g. Příhoda & Louda [5]

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… six27.2

in three dimensions

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… tensor27.3

tensor of second order

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
… viscosity27.4

scalar

.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.